Allowing a single host to send a single stream of traffic to reach any number of destination hosts.
PIM-DM - flood and prune
PIM-SM - Explicit Join
IGMP v1-v3
IGMP snooping - layers 2 and 3
FF02::1 is the all-nodes multicast group within the scope of the local link. A packet with this destination address is received and processed by all IPv6-enabled interfaces.
The first 24 bits of a multicast MAC address are always 01:00:5E.
Link-local non-routable 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 (reserved for local network use, has TTL = 1)
Multicast range 239.0.0.0/8 is equivalent to private addresses.
Multicast addresses in IPv6 use the prefix ff00::/8
well-known IPv4 multicast addresses
224.0.0.1 | All Hosts |
224.0.0.2 | All Routers |
224.0.0.4 | DVMRP Router |
224.0.0.5 | |
224.0.0.6 | |
224.0.0.9 | |
224.0.0.10 | |
224.0.0.12 | |
224.0.0.13 | All PIM Routers |
224.0.0.18 | |
224.0.0.19 | All IGMPv3 Routers |
224.0.0.102 | |
224.0.0.107 | PTP v2 |
224.0.0.251 | mDNS |
224.0.0.252 | LLMNR |
224.0.0.253 | Teredo |
224.0.1.39 | RP announce group |
224.0.1.40 | RP discovery group |
well-known IPv6 multicast addresses
ff02::1 | All Hosts |
ff02::2 | All Routers |
ff02::5 | |
ff02::6 | |
ff02::8 | |
ff02::9 | |
ff02::a |
well-known Ethernet multicast addresses
01-80-C2-00-00-00 | |
01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC | CDP, VTP |
01:00:0C:CC:CC:CD |
Source Trees
Routers look at Source IP and Multicast group. create entry to multicast routing table
All routes aware of the stream. Not scalabile for large networks.
Shared Trees
Multicast streams register with the RP router. Other routers have a default gateway to the RP.
Client wants to subscribe to a stream, router will ask the RP, RP will act as a proxy.
Router can switch back to source tree model if more efficient, once it has source from RP.
Protocol Independant Multicasting (PIM) Dense Mode
Relies on unicast routing table to get around network.
Source Tree model for small networks.
Enabled on all required interfaces on all routers
ip multicast-routing int se0/0 ip pim dense-mode
All routers will get multicast stream and pass on to all other routers.
Routers will prune back if no clients requesting stream. Resets itself every 3 minutes.
Protocol Independant Multicasting (PIM) Sparse Mode
Shared tree with a Rendezvous Point. Pull mode.
Everything goes to RP first, once router has the source may change if more efficant path to source.
sparse-dense-mode - runs in both modes, dense mode if no RP. Auto RP needs this mode.
Can use an access list to have use a different RP for groups.
Auto RP to advise the RP without static configuration on all router. Use a loopback interface.
scope is TTL of the RP advertisement. Default every 60 seconds.
Discovery router (mapping agent) collects all the RP advistisements and sends them out
ip multicast-routing int se0/0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode show ip pim interfaces show ip mroute #Test without multicast server int e0 ip igmp join-group 230.140.100.1 ping 230.140.100.1 # Add RP on all routers as static configuration ip pim rp-add 192.168.1.3 # Auto RP ip pim send-rp-announce s0/0.1 scope 15 ip pim send-rp-discovery scope 15 ip pim accept-rp #add to all routers show ip pim rp map #Restrict mulitcast traffic int se0/1 ip multicast ttl-threshold 255 ip mulitcast boundary 1
Switch configuration
By default multicast send to all ports.
ip igmp snooping
Frame Relay configuration
If broadcast not enabled on frame-relay
int s0/0.1 ip pim nbma-mode
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